Computers In Soceity Essays - Computer, Humancomputer Interaction

Computers In Soceity Essays - Computer, Humancomputer Interaction Computers In Soceity Dont know anything about computers? Dont think they are a big part of your life? Think again! Computers are wondrous machines that improve our lives in many areas like education, entertainment, and work.(Paragraph)The use of computers in and out of school has made improvements in the way we learn. For instance, the use of computers in the classroom has freed up some of my time so I can give more individualized instruction to the needy, says Instructor Mary S. Teachemall of a local neighborhood grade school is a definite improvement over not having computers as a way of learning. Also, college students having easy access to computers for various school related tasks like changing complete blocks of text on a term paper in a split second, using graphics to better express a particular point or idea, and being able to tap into the world wide web where vast amounts of information is at the fingertips of the user is a marked improvement from 10 years ago. Furthermore, the use of computers in the home has extended the hours we can learn at a higher level without the environmental pressures of school or work thereby improving the way we learn.(paragraph)Also, the use of computers has expanded our choices for entertainment. As an example, the all-American game of Monopoly can be played by a single person and a computer and the need for several people has been obsoleted is one way our choices for entertainment have been expanded. Another example of our expanding choices is that you can not only watch movies on DVD (Digital Video Disc) but re-edit them with your own sound tracks and special effects, listen to music on CD-roms, even manufacture your own cartoons or even your own movies all on a computer. Moreover, the ability of the computer to link a person with others from far away places where conversations without inferences are sparked and ideas are exchanged internationally is a popular selection for millions everyday as a choice for entertainment.(paragraph)I also t hink the working environment where computers are used is becoming more and more diverse. As an example, farmers have computers in their tractors hooked up to GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) systems that not only tell them where to spray their pesticides but are programmed to take care of the task for them as they drive along all because a digital image from a satellite some 23,000 miles away saw too many bugs in a certain part of one of his fields is very diverse. Another way diversity is becoming the norm is with the influx of wireless technology that has made it possible for mobile laptop computers to be linked up to a global network, not just for the mobile office, but for the person sitting on a beach on some south pacific island and still being able to attend a meeting in London England is diversity at the extreme.(paragraph)Computers are really fascinating and becoming more and more amazing everyday as they weave their way into our lives. Dont think you know anything about computers? You really do, without knowing it maybe you have been using them for a long time. Dont think they are a big part of your life? Without even realizing it computers have worked their way into just about every aspect of our everyday lives. From waking in the morning, to the food at the dinner table, to the movie afterwards, computers have influenced the way we live and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.

3 Sentences with Misplaced Modifiers

3 Sentences with Misplaced Modifiers 3 Sentences with Misplaced Modifiers 3 Sentences with Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol Phrases that provide additional information in a sentence are often haphazardly situated within that sentence in such a way that the reader might be confused about what the modifying phrase refers to, or at best must reread the sentence to confirm that he or she has comprehended the correct meaning. Here are three sentences that benefit from relocation of a modifying phrase. 1. After twenty-seven years of marriage, I can only imagine how shocking your wife’s revelation must have been for you. Because the subject I immediately follows the modifying phrase â€Å"after twenty-seven years of marriage,† the erroneous implication is that the fact that the writer has been married to someone for that long enables him or her to imagine how shocking the revelation of the other person’s wife must have been for that person. (Here, only is an intensifier, making the meaning of the phrase â€Å"I can only imagine† akin to â€Å"I can well imagine,† rather than a diminisher, as in â€Å"I only have a few minutes to talk†- which should, technically, read, â€Å"I have only a few minutes to talk.†) However, the point is that that the other person and his or her wife have been married for a long time, and because of that fact, the wife’s revelation is shocking. To make this point clear, the sentence should begin with the subject and continue to shocking (the adjective that is the key word, and thus the fulcrum, of the sentence) before the modifying phrase is inserted as a parenthetical: â€Å"I can only imagine how shocking, after twenty-seven years of marriage, your wife’s revelation must have been for you.† 2. The project could require another two billion dollars to finish construction and ensure safety, which is about 7 percent of the country’s gross domestic product. Because safety immediately precedes the final phrase of this sentence, the statement describes safety as being a certain proportion of the country’s gross domestic product- obviously an error, because common sense tells the reader that the phrase about the GDP refers to the dollar amount, not to an intangible quality. To unambiguously represent that connection, the parenthetical reference to the dollar amount should appear immediately after the figure: â€Å"The project could require another two billion dollars- about 7 percent of the country’s gross domestic product- to finish construction and ensure safety.† 3. Smith’s company is unusual because it doesn’t pay any of its workers in exchange for stock equity. As written, this sentence suggests that Smith’s company is rare among businesses in that it doesn’t provide compensation to its employees with the understanding that the workers will offer his company stock equity in return; presumably, it has some other, unusual arrangement with the people who staff the company. This nonsensical impression is eliminated by changing the focus from what his company doesn’t do to what it does do and reversing the references to stock equity and pay, along with rewording the latter reference: â€Å"Smith’s company is unusual because it offers its workers stock equity in lieu of a salary.† (The modifying phrase â€Å"in lieu of a salary† could also be inserted parenthetically after because.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartBest Websites to Learn EnglishWord Count and Book Length

Law of Intellectual Property 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Intellectual Property 2 - Essay Example Legal issues that arise out of the case under consideration is whether there has been any infringement on the part of Julian who has used the photographs and paintings which Techno Ltd has compiled in a DVD under licence from Howard who is the owner of the original photographs and paintings. Whether Julian has committed the act of secondary infringement? Whether Julian is liable to Techno ltd which makes the DCD under licence or to Howard, the original owner or to both. Artistic work Section 4(1) (a) defines an â€Å"artistic work† to include photograph among other items regardless of artistic quality. S 4(2) (a) & (b) define â€Å"graphic work† to include â€Å"any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart, or plan and any engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut or similar work. Section 12 prescribes duration of a copyright in artistic work among other items as 70 years expiring at the end of the 70th year from the calendar year in which the author dies. If the work is c omputer generated, duration ends at the 50th year from the end calendar year in which the work was made. This means that copyrights subsists during the life time of the author of a literary work and continues for 70 or 50 years after his death as the case may be. In the present case copy right on the photographs of Howard’s grandfather can be argued to have expired in 2008 i.e 70 years from the year of death of Howard’s grandfather. Most of the artistic works however are Howard’s own and he is entitled to copyrights over his own photographs during his lifetime plus 70 years (N.A., 2007). Under the Copyrights, Designs, Patents Act 1988, (CDPA) it is an offence to carry out the following restricted acts without the owner’s consent. The acts are copying the work, renting, lending or issuing copies of the works in public, perform, broadcast or show the work in public. And adapt the work (UKCCS, 2000). Howard’s engagement of Techno Ltd to compile a digi tal data base includes all that he possesses and it may amount to secondary works since the data base would include his late grandfather’s artistic works. Secondary works are also original works since compilation involves ‘skill labour and judgement’. In Warwick Films v Elsinger (1969), the defendant’s claim that the books copied from were not original works was countered by the court as both books as original as they had undergone considerable selection from the manuscripts to constitute originality (Colston & Galloway, 2010, p. 293). The data base has been licensed to Techno ltd by Howard and both decide to include data base of their DVD the shipping directory published by Ship Ltd. This DVD has now been acquired by Julian exploits the information contained in the DD for his own book meant for children using the photographs and paintings of Howard. In the absence of terms and conditions of license, it is assumed that they both have become co-owners of th e copy rights for the contents of the DVD. By publishing Howard’s grandfather photographs that remained unpublished even after 70 years of his death now in the DVD, they both acquire what is called â€Å"publication right† that is equivalent to â€Å"copy right† which however enjoys protection only for 25 years from the year of publication In this connection, an exclusive license should be in writing and signed by the owner. This authorizes the licensee to the exclusion of all other

Shifting expectations for budget hotels Literature review

Shifting expectations for budget hotels - Literature review Example Budget hotels are the cost effective hotels that are available to the customers at any part of the world. Compared to the luxury hotels the budget hotels have greater industry competition as they have larger customer base. In this paper the researcher has tried to analyze the current scale of Brighton budget hotel business. The researcher with the help of primary research has tried to find out what are the expectations of the Brighton budget hotel consumers and thus in turn tried to find out the shift of customer’s expectations. The objective of the research is to find out the customers’ expectations from the service industry. For this purpose the difference between budget hotel and non-budget hotel has been analyzed along with the analysis of current scale of Brighton budget hotel business has also been analyzed. Through a primary research the researcher has tried to analyze the shifting expectations of the customers from the budget hotels. The customer expectations in the service industry change more frequently than any other industry. It is tough to keep track of the customer expectations in the service industry than an industry where the main product is goods offering (Hseih et al., n.d., p.4-7). In an industry where the customers only perceive the delivered goods, their expectations don’t change as frequently as it changes in the case of the service industry (Infosys, 2009, p.5-7). There are different kinds of expectations that the customer has from the service industry like the predicted service, adequate service and the desired service. The predicted service is one that the customers expect from the company, that is, the minimum basic services which the company should offer to its customers. The adequate service is the level of service that the company should offer to the customers to meet their needs. . The desired level of service is

The Boston Beer Company Essay Example for Free

The Boston Beer Company Essay Overview The Boston Beer Company has had amazing success in its transition from a small scale microbrewer to a large scale national brewery. Almost all of the company’s success is due to the Samuel Adams Lager product line, which has hardly changed from the founding of the company in 1984, to the IPO in 1995, to the present day. In fact, much of the appeal of Samuel Adams comes from its microbrew image and the founder, Jim Koch’s, commitment to the brewing process and a premium beer. In recent years, however, the company has implemented a new strategy for growth which has included introducing a light beer that will have more mainstream appeal. While this has increased profits for the company, it has also left the company vulnerable to entry by diluting its brand name. For this reason, the company’s strategy for the immediate future has to make a significant shift, from a strategy of growth to a strategy of protection. It must focus on maintaining its current profits by preventing entry both from small breweries looking to copy the BBC’s strategy and from large breweries looking to use their expansive resources to steal some of BBC’s market share. History of Boston Beer The Boston Beer Company began as a microbrewery in Boston, Massachusetts in 1984. Its first cases of beer were only sold to Boston bars, but the company quickly branched out geographically. Fueled by awards and recognition from prestigious beer festivals, Samuel Adams Boston Lager was available on much of the East Coast by the late 1980’s and nationally by 1992. The company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 1995. The Boston Beer Company’s strategy for growth was one of differentiation. The company created a higher quality beer than the majority of American beers by using more expensive ingredients and less water, and it used its packaging and its commercials to advertise this commitment to quality. In fact, because of its use of only barley, hops, yeast, and water as its ingredients, Samuel Adams won the honor of being the first American beer to be sold in Germany, a distinction that helped its image in America even more. One business strategy that the company employed as it started to grow was using extra brewing space in other company’s breweries to brew their beer. Since the company was growing at a double digit rate, it didn’t have a lot of extra capital to build its own breweries, so this was a good strategy for them during their period of growth. And, since these breweries were distributed throughout the country, this strategy allowed the Boston Beer Company to maximize the freshness of the beer it sold. In fact, the now famous practice of printing a freshness label on bottled beer was started by the Boston Beer Company on its Samuel Adams Boston Lager. The company ensured quality production in these disperse breweries by hiring experienced brewmasters to oversee the contract brewing. The company also brewed some beer on its own property, both in Boston and later in a plant they purchased in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 2002, the company took a risk by introducing Sam Adams Light, a light beer version of their Samuel Adams Lager. They had never produced a light beer before, and it was Koch’s stance that the company couldn’t brew a light beer that would be up to their standards of flavor. The expanded customer base that the company would target with the sale of a light beer was too lucrative a market to ignore, however, and the light beer market was almost devoid of any Better Beers, so after three years of development Sam Adams Light was born. The advertising expenditures for 2002 increased by 25. 7% or $20. 6 million over 2001 due to the promotion of Sam Adams Light2, which magnified the financial risk of producing and selling it. The new beer had the short term effect of attracting new consumers to the Samuel Adams brand, although the long term effect has yet to be seen. The growth of the Boston Beer Company was very impressive, and can be attributed to a superior product, good business strategy, and an unsaturated market for high-quality beer. But now there are new challenges facing the company. There are always new fads in the beer industry; current trends are low-carb beers and fruityflavored malt beverages. The Boston Beer Company needs to decide which of these trends to respond to, and how to respond to each. Above all the company needs to continue its strategy of differentiation that allowed it to achieve its current profitability. It is its image for quality above major American beers like Budweiser, Coors, and Miller that allows it to keep its prices, and its profits, high. Current Industry Analysis The Boston Beer Company’s product is a â€Å"better† beer. A better beer is defined as either a craft beer or an import, and is characterized by higher prices and quality. A craft beer is defined as one which is brewed with 100% malted barley as its grain. The major American beer companies typically use a mixture of malted barley along with other grains such as rice or corn, since these are less expensive and have less full-bodied flavors. Rivals in the better beer industry include such foreign companies as Corona, Heineken, and Guinness, as well as domestic companies such as Sierra Nevada, Pete’s, and a number of microbreweries around the country. While the beer industry overall is very rivalrous, the better beer industry is not so, as evidenced by high profit margins (the Boston Beer Company routinely posts profit margins of over 50%). The rivalry that does exist tends to revolve around quality competition rather than price competition. There are numerous substitutes for better beer. All alcoholic beverages are substitutes for the Boston Beer Company’s product, although the two closest substitutes are major American beers and flavored malt beverages; wine and spirits are less relevant substitutes for the purposes of this analysis. Budweiser, Coors, and Miller are all large brand name beers which have low prices and low quality compared to better beers. Price sensitive consumers typically buy these beers. Smirnoff Ice, Skyy Blue, and Bacardi Silver are all similarly priced to the better beers, but they have fruitier flavors and therefore appeal to consumers with a different taste preference. The suppliers for the Boston Beer Company are similar to the suppliers for any brewery. Supplies that must be purchased include the ingredients like water, barley and hops, the equipment for brewing, and the transportation for distributing beer around the country. The ingredients are actually very inexpensive compared to the other two costs, and suppliers of barley and water don’t have a lot of bargaining power since these industries are fragmented. The hops industry, however, is more centralized. In order to ensure adequate hops supplies at prices known in advance the company regularly purchases hops futures. The company also employs an aggressive contract brewing strategy. Under this policy almost 60% of the company’s products are brewed at noncompany owned breweries. By utilizing the excess capacity of geographically distributed breweries, the company can keep equipment and transportation costs low while providing a fresher and thus higher quality product. This brewing approach carries inherent risks by giving potential rivals some control over the company’s production capacity. Indeed the company is currently involved in a lawsuit with Miller after Miller’s attempt to back out of a brewing contract early. To protect itself from these risks the company enters into contracts with a diverse set of brewers for a much larger amount of beer than they actually produce. This redundant capacity is meant to shield the company from any number of contract brewers defaulting on their contracts. Buyer bargaining power doesn’t have significant influence on the Boston Beer Company since their buyers are grocery stores and bars. The grocery industry and the bar industry are both fragmented, so each store or bar that buys from the Boston Beer Company comprises a very small amount of total company sales, and the loss of any one buyer won’t significantly hurt the company. Complements in the better beer industry include the popularity of bars, snack foods like pretzels and nachos, and sporting events like football games. While the Boston Beer Company doesn’t provide any of these complements, they do provide some amount of customer education. Customer education includes advertising awards the company has won, advertising their brewing processes, and calling attention to their premium ingredients. This serves to convince people of the superior quality of Samuel Adams, thereby convincing them to pay a premium price. Customer education is a fairly clever and successful strategy for a number of beer companies, but it benefits better beers more than lower quality beers, so the Boston Beer Company could probably take advantage of this by focusing more on customer education. The BBC also has an advantage over small high-quality breweries because its economy of scale allows more customers to be reached per dollar spent on customer education. Any company in the beverage industry has the potential to enter Samuel Adams’ market, and it is always crucial for a company to be aware of possible entry from all sides. Companies that make wine, spirits, or malt beverages could all enter the market, and we have actually seen in recent years that spirits companies have been expanding into new markets by producing malt beverages under the name of the parent spirits company. However, the most dangerous potential entrants would be other beer companies. Other craft breweries that sell their beer on a small scale might attempt to copy the BBC’s strategy to grow into a national brand and steal some of BBC’s market share. Also, major American breweries could use their expansive resources to brew high quality beers that could compete with Samuel Adams on a national level. A third, and even more threatening possibility, would be the combination of these two forces; a major brewery could buy a high quality microbrewery and use their national advertising and distribution infrastructure to market the microbrew to the public on a large scale. Given the Boston Beer Company’s high profit margins and the relatively low level of rivalry within their market, it is very likely that entry will occur and erode away at BBC’s profits if BBC is unprepared. We believe that responding to this possibility should be at the forefront of the company’s business strategy for the immediate future. The Boston Beer Company’s Strategy: Using Reputation as an Entry Barrier The BBC’s initial strategy was one of growth. This was fitting for it when it was a microbrewery looking to gain national and international sales. During its expansion in the early 1990’s, the company took advantage of the fact that consumer demand for craft beers was increasing, while there were few other companies doing the same. Since the new market was unsaturated, the Boston Beer Company was able to earn an inexpensive reputation for its Samuel Adams brand name by being the first large scale mover into the national craft beer market. By the late 1990’s, the BBC’s growth rate had begun to decline. In an effort to keep up growth, the company switched to a strategy of trying to increase the demand for craft beer. It did this through large scale advertising, and most significantly through the introduction of a light beer that brought light beer drinkers over to the better beer market. The Boston Beer Company’s strategy was an effective one for many years, and enabled it to become the profitable national company that it is today. However, if the BBC wants to maintain its profitability, it will need to find a way to protect its market share from entrants, and this will require a shift in the company’s strategy back to increasing its share of the Better Beer market rather than of the mainstream market. The biggest threats to the BBC are the major American beer companies, which have massive resources that would allow them to compete with the BBC. The BBC’s two advantages over these major companies are experience and reputation, and the major companies could easily gain experience by buying an existing craft beer company and utilizing its brewing procedures. Therefore, the BBC must protect its reputation at all costs, since its reputation is the only formidable entry barrier preventing Budweiser, Coors, and Miller from successfully invading Samuel Adams’ market. The company’s best strategy would be to slow their growth in order to work on strengthening their Samuel Adams Boston Lager brand name. Additionally, if the BBC diminishes its focus on growth, it could very well have the effect of reducing the incentive for these three major companies to enter the craft beer market, since the BBC will not be seen as so significant a threat. While there is a risk that slowing growth will leave the company vulnerable to entry by smaller companies, it is the large companies that have the most resources to compete with the BBC, so reducing the incentive for large companies to enter is worth the possible risk that more small companies will enter. The uniqueness and integrity that allowed the Samuel Adams brand to gain popularity are starting to be overshadowed by the company’s attempts to gather more mainstream consumers, and this is hurting the company’s brand name. The strategy for the future needs to focus on building back customer loyalty for the company’s core product line, i. e. Samuel Adams Boston Lager. First and foremost, the Boston Beer Company needs to continue reducing its expenditures on Sam Adams Light. During the introduction of Sam Adams Light in 2001-02, revenues and gross profit increased, but expenditures on advertising Sam Light were extremely high, and much of the sales of Sam Light were thought to be due to cannibalism of Samuel Adams Boston Lager. In 2003 when advertising of Sam Adams Light was decreased, sales of the light beer dropped significantly. Although Samuel Adams Boston Lager sales increased during the period between the fourth quarters of 2002 and 2003, overall shipments dropped 6% during this period3 because of the lowered demand for Sam Light after the decline of the Sam Light marketing campaign. However, even though sales were lower, net income was higher after the end of the marketing campaign4. The company should therefore continue to keep its advertising levels for Sam Adams Light low. In addition to the high financial cost of advertising Sam Adams Light, it is likely that the large-scale marketing of Sam Adams Light could hurt the company in the long run by diluting the Samuel Adams brand name. The purpose of Sam Light is to appeal to mainstream beer drinkers, but the company’s consumer base is comprised of individuals who pride themselves on drinking a beer that is not mainstream. With potential entrants looming from above and below, the Boston Beer Company can not afford to lose its reputation for uniqueness. Still, Sam Light is a good revenue stream as a supplement to Samuel Adams Boston Lager, but it should cease to be the company’s main focus. The â€Å"Twisted Tea† and â€Å"Hard Core† products are malt beverages that the company produces on a small scale. These brands are unnecessary for the company’s success, and if the company adopts a strategy to focus on Samuel Adams Boston Lager then it would be advantageous to eliminate these products. While the products dilute the company’s brand name in a similar way to Sam Adams Light, they don’t provide nearly the revenue that Sam Light does. By either selling or closing down these brand names, the Boston Beer Company can distance itself further from the malt beverage industry and improve its positioning as a Better Beer company. Dumping these products would help the BBC’s image of integrity in the eyes of their consumers, and this image will be crucial if the company is to protect its market share from entrants. There have been a number of attempted entries into the Sam Adams market which demonstrate the need for quality and reputation. Coors owns Killian’s Irish Red and Anheuser-Busch owns Michelob and has a stake in Red Hook, all brands that have had poor success in the Better Beer Market. Most consumers are well aware of the fact that Michelob is just another domestic beer sold at a high price, and so it’s a brand without much of a quality image. On the other hand, it’s not well known that Coors owns Killian’s since it’s brewed in Canada and has an import label. While this label might signal some quality in many consumers’ eyes, Killian’s has no reputation and no customer base. Finally, Red Hook was a quality microbrew ale with a good reputation and customer base that was bought by AB. Since this purchase in 1994 the stock price of Red Hook has plummeted from ~30 to 2 and sales have been poor. While the reason for this is not exactly clear, it’s possible that this failure is due to a loss of integrity that occurred when the microbrew became owned by a major domestic brewer, or that AB simply wasn’t able to operate that type of brewery. AB’s failure in this attempt doesn’t indicate that they will give up on entering the craft beer industry, however, especially if craft beers grow to be more of the national market. With such high profit margins and a strong market position, the BBC might be tempted to increase sales by decreasing prices, but this strategy should definitely be avoided. The high prices for Samuel Adams Boston Lager and Sam Adams Light signal to consumers and other companies that these beers are of higher quality, and since demand in the Better Beer market is relatively inelastic, there would likely be no increase in net income if prices were reduced. Reducing prices would cause the BBC to appear more of a threat to the three major American beer companies, and could therefore expedite the entry of one of these companies into the market. Due to the nature of the Better Beer industry, the company needs to strive for quality competition over price competition. With the introduction of Sam Light in 2002 the percentage of BBC’s sales comprised of bottles vs. kegs increased since most Sam Light is sold in bottles, and since Boston Lager sales declined slightly. While revenues are lower per barrel of draft beer, profit margins are higher due to lower costs per barrel. Additionally, beer served on tap is usually able to retain a higher quality than beer served from a bottle. For these reasons and others, it would be a good strategy for the Boston Beer Company to increase its emphasis on selling its beer in kegs to bars. While most grocery stores already carry Samuel Adams Boston Lager, there are still a large number of bars that don’t have Boston Lager on draft, and this deprives many consumers of being able to drink the beer in its highest quality form while also depriving the company of the added revenue that bar sales bring in. Since the company’s new focus needs to be on emphasizing the quality of its beers, increasing the availability of its draft beer is in line with its strategy. An added benefit of increasing prevalence in bars is the opportunity for bartender education and consequent consumer education. The company should seriously consider providing literature about their beer along with the kegs that they sell to bars, since educating bar owners and bartenders about the premium ingredients and freshness standards that the company holds will have a trickle-down effect to the beer drinkers. Continuing with this strategy of edging away from the mainstream, the Samuel Adams line should switch back to its original label. The current label is simple with few colors, similar to the major company labels, while microbrew labels typically have a more complex picture that distinguishes the brand. Switching back to the â€Å"BrewerPatriot† label would signal to both new and old customers that the BBC is committed their roots and to quality. Putting Excess Capital to Use If the BBC continues to be successful in fending off potential entrants and if it maintains its high profit margins while staying away from a growth strategy, then it needs a plan for investing its profits. In the past, profits have been invested in growth or in stock of other companies, but in line with the new strategy of slow growth, there might be areas in which their money could be better invested. Some of the money could be used to fund the customer education programs mentioned earlier, but it might also be wise to start owning more breweries. Contract brewing proved to be efficient and successful during their growth phase. Up until the late nineties they were increasing sales by double digits each year. At this time it would have been difficult to impossible for production capacity to keep up with sales, not to mention for the company to secure the necessary capital. However, in the past 5 years growth has slowed, and consistently high profits have led to large amounts of excess capital. BBC has been keeping some capital liquid in short term bonds and mutual funds and using the rest of the capital to buy back company stock4. There are several reasons why contract brewing makes less sense now. First, the BBC has run into situations in which being a contract brewer has hurt the company’s reputation. Anheuser-Busch used a dateline interview and ran a series of attack ads claiming Samuel Adams Boston Lager was no different from other domestic beers since much of it was made in the same breweries as these domestic beers5. The ads were eventually dropped when an advertising watchdog group found the ads to be factually incorrect, but the damage had been done6. Brewing all of their own beer would insulate them from such claims, reinforcing their reputation. Additionally Miller tried to back out of a large brewing contract7. BBC won in arbitration, but millions were lost in legal expenses and backup contracts which were never realized. The dispute also brought more attention to the fact that some Samuel Adams is made by the majors, diluting their brand name more. BBC already produces half of their own product, and sells excess capacity to other brewers. This indicates that the company already has the experience and know-how that it needs to operate their own breweries on some scale. With so much capital available and sales growth slow, BBC should purchase a few local breweries around the country to produce all of its product. Excess capacity in these breweries can be contracted out as is currently done in the company’s Cincinnati plant. By owning and operating their own breweries, the BBC can avoid the damage to its reputation as well as the contract disputes that it has to incur by operating as a contract brewer. Conclusions The Boston Beer Company has shown that it has a successful business strategy for growth. The company’s management now needs to show that it can maintain its profitability at its current level by adopting a strategy that creates barriers for entry into the national craft beer market. Many conventional entry barriers can be overcome by either regional microbreweries, which have the experience necessary to brew quality beers, or by major American breweries, which have the resources to market a new beer nation-wide. The one significant entry barrier that the Boston Beer Company still holds on to is its good reputation, which it gained both by being an early mover into the national craft beer market and by maintaining strict quality controls. As the company has matured it has drifted away from its reputation of uniqueness. In order for the company to maintain its hold on the American craft beer market, it will need to revive its reputation at all costs. Because the company’s growth has slowed, it has an opportunity to use its excess capital to fund programs that help bolster its image as a high quality, high integrity brewer. If it continues to differentiate itself from major American breweries like Budweiser, Coors, and Miller, then despite the Boston Beer Company’s smaller resources, it should still be able to hold its consumer base and protect its profits from entry into its market. References 1. â€Å"Samuel Adams – Company Background. † 2. The Boston Beer Company, Inc. 2002 Annual Report 3. â€Å"Boston Suffers Tough Fourth Quarter. † Modern Brewery Age. http://articles. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3469/is_8_55/ai_114921347 4. The Boston Beer Company, Inc. 2003 Annual Report 5. Contract Brewing. Lew Bryson. Copyright 2000. http://www. beveragebusiness. com/art-arch/mmbryson0201. html 6. â€Å"A-B to modify ads attacking Boston Beer. † Copyright 1997, Chautauqua Inc. http://www. allaboutbeer. com/news/industry/ab_ads. html 7. â€Å"Brewery addition may be on tap. † Copyright 2003, Cincinnati Post. http://www. cincypost. com/2003/04/02/brew04-02-2003. html.

An Analysis of Communism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

An Analysis of Communism Different forms of government have existed through the ages, including capitalism, monarchy, socialism, dictatorship, and theocracy. Communism is a government that developed in the early nineteen hundreds. The theory of communism is to create a government under which all people are equal. Communism hasn't achieved its goal to make all people equal. The leaders of communist nations have shown an insatiable desire for power. They take what the workers produce and give back only what is necessary (Orwell 10). Purges took place in communist governments under the leadership of dictators such as Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. Under Stalin's rule "30,000 communists [were] killed in Paris" (Joseph Stalin). George Orwell narrowly escaped Stalin's purges in Spain where "many of [his] friends were shot, and others spent a long time in prison or simply disappeared" (Orwell 5). In this purge Stalin successfully executed Trotsky, who had been a key figure in establishing communism in the U.S.S.R (Joseph Stalin). Communist governments are unstable ... An Analysis of Communism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers An Analysis of Communism Different forms of government have existed through the ages, including capitalism, monarchy, socialism, dictatorship, and theocracy. Communism is a government that developed in the early nineteen hundreds. The theory of communism is to create a government under which all people are equal. Communism hasn't achieved its goal to make all people equal. The leaders of communist nations have shown an insatiable desire for power. They take what the workers produce and give back only what is necessary (Orwell 10). Purges took place in communist governments under the leadership of dictators such as Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong. Under Stalin's rule "30,000 communists [were] killed in Paris" (Joseph Stalin). George Orwell narrowly escaped Stalin's purges in Spain where "many of [his] friends were shot, and others spent a long time in prison or simply disappeared" (Orwell 5). In this purge Stalin successfully executed Trotsky, who had been a key figure in establishing communism in the U.S.S.R (Joseph Stalin). Communist governments are unstable ...

Motivations and Teams Case Study

Grandpa always said â€Å"do I need to light a fire cracker under you to get you moving?† This always seemed silly to me but after reading this chapter and some life experiences of my own I realize how important motivation really is. Goals and motivation in the work place may be more important than you may have initially thought.I believe that goal setting theories have a lot to do with both. With both of the companies they set goals and achieved them to get to where they wanted to be. With the moving company she wanted to be where she could quit her other job and run her business that she has started by mistake. After a few years she has got to her goal and had many franchises that she has sold in different other places as well.After her boys left to collage she was still getting a lot of calls a day for the servos that was provided with her moving. When Siemens’s hired a new person to take over, he also set goals for the product to get done faster and for the customer s to get there product as soon as possible. Once he set these goals for them they got products done that would take them about a six months and completed in about one month. Once he did this the company stared making more money and they became the top of their class drowning the competition.As I said both companies used goal setting theories. But they also both used Work motivation (â€Å"the psychological force within people that arouses their interest, directs their attention, and causes them to persist and work intensely to ï ¬ nd a way to achieve their work goals.† PG.210 Jones: Introduction To Business: How Companies Create Value for People) Mary Ellen Sheets did not initially do this.It wasn’t until after her business started growing in popularity she realized this was something good for her and her  whole family and was motivated. Klaus Kleinfelds came from when he was a young boy, â€Å"Kleinfeld’s father, a shipyard laborer who became an engineer b y studying nights, died when the boy was 10. That was a â€Å"brutal† experience, Kleinfeld says, but the hardship that followed forged a determination to succeed. (Pg.235 Jones: Introduction To Business: How Companies Create Value for People)†Klienfeld and Mary Ellen took different approaches as leaders. Klienfeld very tough and firm and go getter type. Mary Ellen sweet and more of a trial and error type of approach. Ultimately they both were smart in franchising and branching out. This allows for more income and more interest in both companies. Both companies offer pay incentives and room for advancement in there careers. Work motivations in any type of business are important. Whether you’re starting out in a local newspaper or if you are already in a multibillion dollar company. Motivation is needed for business to grow and blossom into a well performing well money grossing lucrative business. Are you ready to light that fire cracker?

Creation and Aspects of a Product Plan

INTRODUCTION Origin of the Report As we are doing Marketing Management, our course instructor Prof. Dr. Mijanur Rahman has instructed us to prepare a paper on the product plan. Purpose †¢ To get a clear concept how to make the product plan †¢ To acquire knowledge how to make mission, vision, marketing mix etc. Limitations 1. We did not collect the current information related with our product. 2. We had to give lot of times to collect information about competitors, market situation because enough information not available. Research Methodology Secondary: †¢ Internet: www. google. com , www. ekipidia . com, Source: thedailystar. net †¢ Other: Collected information from marketing report, magazines, running newspaper. 1:00 CURRENT MARKET SITUATION Today the chips market is dominated by Potato Crackers, Mr. Twist, Meridian, Cheese Ball, Lay’s, Sun Chips and other chips. We find out that, there is no high quality chip which is suitable for children health. But we found much normal category chips. Our product quality is more high comparative to the other competitors, because our main ingredients is Mushroom which is totally new flavor and taste and also work against for the cancer.So it’s a big gap that we find out. Our new chips has been received a new market challenge to cope with them. At the very beginning, our sale will be low, profit will also be little. We hope that we will be able to get the first mover advantage, because there is no such product especially for children health. 1. Market Description: We know, the market means potential customers of a product or service. Bangladesh is a highly populated country. The birth rate is very high . As a result the children rate is also very high. We are not producing our product not only for children but also for teenagers, young generation.So our total target market is very large. Market demands of market will also increasing as much we can position in our customers mind. (All this f igure are estimated depending on class and age to have an idea about demand on chips on this variables) This is our target market. We want to target children as well as young people of middle and higher class of people. We are not eliminating lower class people but first we want to create demand for our product then we will try to reduce our product price and serve to all class of people. 2. Product review:The product quality is more high comparative to the other competitors, because our main ingredients is Mushroom which is totally new flavor and taste and also work against for the cancer. It is suitable for children health. It is highly reached by Protein-15. 53%, Fat-20%,Saturated fat-1. 42%, Carbohidrated-2. 45%, Sugar-2. 40%, Energy-100gm, Colastrol-0%, Sodiam-. 64%, which is very much essential for specially kids and young age people. 1. 3 Price: Price levels are set for launching our product for our targeted customers. 4. Sales:We want to produce 960000 of products in our fir st step of production. Depending on increasing demand rate, we will increase our production rate over a month. Every year, we will increase our 10% of production. We will observe the sales and satisfaction levels of our customers through our sales representatives. Our Product will sale only in Urban and town side areas of Bangladesh, that’s why we are not distributing and sales product in rural areas because our price level is bit high. After increasing our product demand and sales, we will try to reduce our cost of production.As a result, we reduce our product price and distributed in rural areas in Bangladesh. 5. Gross margin: We have a great competition in our market. 1st year; we want to create huge demand by good quality advertisement and promotional activities to create position in our customers mind. As a result, we expected low gross margin for 1st year, it will be just cover the fixed asset. 2nd year, we will try to sale more and more and reduce the cost of goods sol d. It will increase our gross margin. 1. 6 Profit: We expected earning profit within 2 years.Before that we will try to cover our fixed costs and make break even points of sales. 1. 6 Distribution review: Factory Warehouse Divisional warehouse Salesman Retailer Customer †¢ Our factory situated at Tongi in Gazipur. After producing our products it will store in our own warehouse Mirpur. †¢ From this warehouse products are distributed 6 divisions by our own transport and then storing these goods in divisional warehouse. †¢ Then our trained salesman distributes our products in the market to the retailer. And finally retailers sell it to the ultimate customer. 1. 7 Competitive Review: 1. 7. 1 Potato Crackers: Potato Crackers is a very popular snack prepared with combination of wheat, starch together with potato. It is a light, crispy snack and less oily. It has an average food value and is available with spicy tomato flavor. Ingredients: Potato Powder, Potato Starch, Wheat flour, Refined Vegetable Oil and Seasoning. 1. 7. 2 Cheese Ball: |  |Cheese Ball is an extruded product made from corn and rice and coated with rich cheese powder.It is superb in taste and | | |something to be enjoyed all the time. | | |Ingredients: Corn, Rice, Salt, Vegetable Oil, Cheese Powder & Seasoning. | 1. 7. 3 Mr. Twist: Mr. Twist is especially attractive to youngsters. This potato based snack has a certain amount of modified or native starch to give it a beautiful twisty shape and fine texture. Available with tomato paprika flavor. Ingredients: Potato Powder, Modified Potato starch, Native Potato starch, Refined Vegetable Oil and seasoning. 1. 7. 4 Meridian Chips: Meridian Chips is especially attractive to all people.Total annual sales below US$1 Million. Export percentage 1% – 10% per year. 1. 7. 5 Lay’s: Lay’s is the brand name for a number of potato chip (crisps) varieties as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in 1932. Lay 's chips have been marketed as a division of Frito-Lay, a company owned by PepsiCo since 1965. Other brands in the Frito-Lay group include Fritos, Doritos, Ruffles, Cheetos, Rold Gold pretzels, and Sun Chips. | | | 2. 00 SWOT ANALYSIS:SWOT analysis is an important tool for auditing the overall strategic position of a business and its environment. SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Opportunities and threats are external factors. For example, an opportunity could be a developing distribution channel such as the Internet, or changing consumer lifestyles that potentially increase demand for a company's products. A threat could be a new competitor in an important existing market or a technological change that makes existing products potentially obsolete. Strength: |Weakness: | |[pic] Technological skills |[pic] New company | |[pic] Distribution channels |[pic] Absence of importer skills | |[pic] Product quality |[pic] Unreliable product | |[pic] Value delivery network |[pic] Financial problem | |Opportunity: |Threats: | |[pic] Changing customer taste |[pic] Changes in government politics | |[pic] Technological advances |[pic] Acceptance the product | |[pic] Changes in government politics |[pic] Competitor rate high | |[pic] Availability of raw materials |[pic] Strict rules and regulation | 2. 1 Strength: [pic]Without any touch of hand the product is made because of development of technological skills. [pic] There are another strength of the company is distribution channels. Our distribution channel is very strong; relation of the supplier and resellers is very strong. pic]The product quality is more high comparative to the other competitors, because our main ingredients is Mushroom which is totally new flavor and taste and also work against for the cancer. [pic]Because of our good relationship with supplier, reseller and for the good transportation facility our sale will be definitely increases. Our value delivery Network is in strong position. We are having good relationships with our suppliers for a longer period of time. 2. 2 Weakness: [pic] Although the company is new, it has not established a brand or images in the market place this is the weakness for the product popularity. [pic] Because of the new product and company importer skills are absence here that’s why we can’t includes any internal facilities. pic] For the first time the mushroom is exit in the market that’s why people can’t properly reliable to the product quality. [pic] Financial problem is another weakness of the company like what will be the price Cost and investment. [pic] Quality of the Mushroom is not up to mark. 2. 3 Opportunity: [pic]It’s an available product but of the new version of taste and quality create a new change of the customer taste. [pic]For the technological changes and advances it’s easier to give any information and promotional activities to know the product popularit y to the people. [pic]If the government changes politics then it will be easy to access the product to the market. pic]Availability of the raw materials is increasing day by day which is help to produce more products. 2. 4 Threats: [pic]If government is increase the taxes and the political issues are not favor then it will be the threats for the company. [pic]The product may not be accepted to the people then it will be the great threats for the company. [pic]The product competitor rate is very high that’s why sometimes we are facing many competing problem, which can be a threats of the company [pic]Company establishment rules and regulation is strict that’s why sometimes to take any easy decisions are create complicated situations. Adjustment of opportunities and threat: The usefulness of SWOT analysis is not limited to profit-seeking organizations.SWOT analysis may be used in any decision-making situation when a desired objective has been defined. If the raw material s are available to the market then the cost of the raw materials will be reduced then we can produce more product in minimum price, and if the government politics are favor then the supply of the product and the transportation cost will be reduced. These products have new taste and a new ingredient which is changes the customer taste. We have to overcome the threats. If the product is not the accepted to the peoples, then we have to increase our promotional activities to attract the peoples and create more differentiations better than our competitors. 3. 0 OBJECTIVES AND ISSUES 3. 1 Financial objectives: Achieve first year total sales revenue of Tk. 48,00000, based on average price of Tk. 14 per unit. But first three month we cannot achieve any profit because in that time we invest lot of money for sales promotion campaigns, electronic trade show, provide mini pack sample to the selected customer. †¢ Produce net profits of Tk. 9,60000 next year with a target profit margin of 20 percent on total sales. †¢ Marinating a significant research and development budget. †¢ Increasing production level each month by 1 % †¢ Investing more in Cultivation Of mushrooms. †¢ Establish 3 Big factory for producing large amount of product 3. 2 Marketing Objectives: Achieve a first year unit sales volume of 1,15,20,000 which represents a projected market share of 10 percent with one type in product line. †¢ Increase second year share to 15 percent, based on sales of three types in product line. †¢ Generate 30 percent brand awareness within the consumer target market and 40 percent brand awareness within the business target market by end of next year. †¢ We want to be no. 1 Chips Company in Bangladesh. †¢ After one month, we are collecting our sales review and satisfaction level of our customers. †¢ Diversification in our product line. †¢ We want to create social value for position in customers mind. 3. 3 Issues Our new brand o f chip that is Mushroom chips is completely unknown into the existing market.So, our major issue is to establish a well-regarded brand name linked to a meaningful positioning. We will have to invest heavily in marketing to create an excellent, distinctive brand image projecting innovation, quality, and value. We also must measure awareness and response so that we can adjust our marketing efforts if necessary. 4. 0 MARKETING STRATEGY 4. 1 Market segmentation: Geographic: divisions and district town side areas such as Dhaka, chittagoan, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Barishal, Khulna . Dhaka – (gazipur district -town side) Demographic: Age-5-12, 12-18, 18-24, 24 to others and higher class, middle class of people. Product related: †¢ Regular customers †¢ Irregular Customers †¢ Negative customers 2.Target market: †¢ Children †¢ Young people †¢ People Middle class and higher class †¢ urban areas people 4. 3 Positioning: To children, young people, chips custom ers who are seeking for delicious taste with nutrition . Mushroom chips contains mushroom that gives you taste with good nutrition because it has the highest level of Protein-15. 53%, Fat-20%, Saturated fat-1. 42%, Carbohidrated-2. 45%, Sugar-2. 40%, Energy-100gm, Colastrol-0%, Sodiam-. 64% 4. 4 Differentiation: Mushrooms are good sources nutrition and this is our main ingredients. Top of Form Bottom of Form 4. 5 Marketing mix: Marketing mix consist of four basic things which is known as â€Å"four Ps†: roduct, price, place, promotion under the consideration of our product (Mushroom Chips) These four Ps are specified as 4. 5. 1 Product: The Mushroom chips, including all the features described in the product review section. The product is very healthy and a better quality compare to our competitors. Mushroom Chips (Burke) Recipe By : Cooking with David Burke Serving Size: 4 Preparation Time: 0:00 Categories : Amount Measure Ingredient — Preparation Method —â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€œ ———— ——————————– 1 pound large white mushrooms Or Portobello mushrooms 2 cups clarified butter OR vegetable oilCoarse salt OR kosher salt — to taste Quality that we are first assure in our product. It is highly reached by Protein-15. 53%, Fat-20%,Saturated fat-1. 42%, Carbohidrated-2. 45%, Sugar-2. 40%, Energy-100gm, Colastrol-0%, Sodiam-. 64%, which is very much essential for specially kids and young age people. Each and every process of the production is done by automatic machine. Design is the factor that will often give a company its competitive edge. It is the totality of features that affect how a product looks and functions in term of customer requirements. Feature leads to the materials which are used in production for making the product. ‘Regal industries used Mushroom powder, Mushroom starch, and Wheat flour, Refine vegetable oil, Seasoning and P otato powder for producing the chips. The top management of the Regal Industries has decided to give a brand name to new product as â€Å"Mushroom Chips†. Packaging which gives an extra attractiveness to any particular product. That’s why we also design a packet for â€Å"Mushroom Chips†. The whole packaging process will be done without any kind of hand touch in an automatic machine. 4. 5. 2 Price: â€Å"The Regal mushroom chips† will be introduced at tk. 14 wholesale and tk. 15 estimated retail price per unit. We know that the price is much higher than the other Chip present in the market but it will give a high quality.We expect to lower the price of packets within few months. Because of the first time at market the company would like to give some discount to the retailers which will make them some profit. The company is also giving some credit terms facilities to their wholesaler and retailers. 4. 5. 3 Promotion: The management of Regal Industries has budgeted tk. 1,80,000. 00 for their advertising and promotion activities for per month. As a new product in the market it needs huge amount of advertising and promotion activities to tell the consumer about the product and its features. For that reason management decide to go for more fancy advertise in Television, Radio, Billboards, and Web site and in News paper.The policy makers has decide to offer different types of popular cartoon and super hero characters stickers and tutus with per packet of Regal Mushroom chips for Childs and purchase intensive to the wholesale and retail for sell promotion. By organizing Charity concert, Open concert, Sports tournament, Reality shows etc; Regal Industries would like to build a good relation whit people in near future. 4. 5. 4 Place: At the very beginning Regal Mushroom Chips will distribute to the town area of 6 divisions across the country with companies own transport system. By considering the future demand it has planned to distribute in the whole country area.For unexpected future demand it always kept sufficient amount of inventories in its own warehouse. 4. 6 Marketing Communication Strategy: By integrating all messages in all media, we will reinforce the brand name and the main points of product differentiation. Research about media consumption patterns will help our advertising agency choose appropriate media and timing to reach prospects before and during product introduction. The agency will also coordinate public relations efforts to build the brand and support the differentiation message. To attract, retain, and motivate channel partners for a push strategy, we will use trade sales promotions and personal selling to channel partners.Until the brand has been established, our communications will encourage purchases through channel partners. Our distribution channel is quite different from other chips because our main target consumers are the upper class and upper middle class people, who are Not usually conc erned about the television advertisement because they are more cautious about the product quality. 4. 7 Marketing Research: Using research, we are identifying the specific features and benefits that our target segments value. Feedback from market tests, surveys, and focus groups will help us develop the â€Å"Regal Mushroom Chips† brand. We are also measuring and analyzing customers’ attitudes toward competing brands and products.Brand awareness research will help us determine the effectiveness and efficiency of our messages and media. Finally, we will use customer satisfaction studies to gauge market reaction. 4. 8 Marketing Organization: Chief marketing officer holds overall responsibility of all the companies marketing activities. Company has also three top level manager for advertisement department , sales department and promotion department . And under sales manager company has six divisional sales manager . They are responsible for divisional sales increasing. Ma rketing Organization Abdur Rahman Chief Marketing Officer 5. 0 ACTION PROGRAM Our company â€Å"Regal Company† will be introduced in February 2011.Following are summaries of the action programs we will during the first three months to achieve our stated objective. January: We will initiate a Tk. 300000 trade sales promotion campaigns to educate retailers and generate excitement for the product launch in February. We will exhibit electronic trade show, provide mini pack sample to the selected customer. Our promotion manager is responsible for this work. February: We will start an integrated print, radio and media advertisement targeting consumers. This advertisement will show our products differentiation from other competitor. Advertisements also show our products feature to the ultimate customer. Our Advertisement manager is responsible for those works.March: As the multimedia campaigns continue, we will add consumer’s sales promotion techniques such as giving scratch card and lottery etc. Our sales manager is responsible for this type of sales increasing techniques. 6. 0 FINANCIALS PROJECTIONS In this section we make expected budget of sales and cost monthly and yearly. We count breakeven point unit sales. We also present our expected sales revenue and profit. Our product per unit cost is 13. 5 Tk. And wholesale price is 14 Tk. And Maximum retail price is 15 Tk. Expected Sales Budget |Division |Monthly |Yearly | | |Unit |Cartoon |Unit |Cartoon |Dhaka |5,00,000 |5,000 |60,00,000 |60,000 | |Chittagong |2,00,000 |2,000 |24,00,000 |24,000 | |Barisal |70,000 |700 |8,40,000 |8,400 | |Sylet |80,000 |800 |9,60,000 |9,600 | |Rajshai |50,000 |500 |6,00,000 |6,000 | |Khulna |60,000 |600 |7,20,000 |7,200 | |Total |9,60,000 | |1,15,20,000 | | Expected Cost Budget |Type of Cost |Monthly(TK) |Yearly(Tk. ) | |Variable |1,10,40,000 |13,24,80,000 | |Fixed |20,00,000 |2,40,00,000 | |Total |1,30,40,000 |15,64,80,000 | Per Unit Cost Per unit Cost = (Fixed cost + Va riable cost) Unit Production 2, 40, 00,000 + 13, 24, and 80,000) = 1, 15, 20,000 = 13. 5 Tk. Break-even Unit Sales (Yearly) Per Unit Sales 14 Tk. Per Unit Variable Cost 11. 5Tk Per Unit Contribution 2. 5Tk. Fixed expense Now, B E S in Unit = Per Unit Contribution 2, 40, 00,000 = 2. 5 = 96, 00,000 unit. Expected Revenue (Yearly) Sales (1, 15, 20,000* 14) 16, 12, 80,000 Variable Cost 13, 24, 80,000 Revenue 2, 88, 00,000 Expected Profit (Yearly) Revenue 2, 88, 00,000 -) Fixed expense 2, 40, 00,000 Profit 48, 00,000 7. 0 IMPLEMENTATION CONTROLS The controlling process: In the control Process, we will compare our total result with the expected things that we are mentioned. If there is mistakes then take necessary steps to control the overall process. There will be two way of controlling. One is operational control and second one is strategic control. Operational control: If any changes occurred to our production process, then it will be done by operational control. Strategic control: If any changes occurred into strategic plan than it will be done by strategic control.Market Audit: We will hire a market audit or researcher to evaluate our marketing plan and give advices how to improve in operational control, strategic plan, others plans. Implementation Plan: The following identifies the key activities that are critical to our marketing plan. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget. †¢ Online advertising, which cost BDT 50,000. †¢ Separate rack in shopping malls and the departmental stores, which costs BDT 200,000. †¢ Other advertising costs BDT 10,00,000. †¢ Event sponsorship, which costs BDT 300,000 References: 1. http://trade. coa. gov. tw/showProduct. do? isTemp=false&rid=2465&lang=e&showMenu=true 2. http://www. recipesource. com/fgv/vegetables/mushrooms/00/rec0053. html 3. ttp://www. malaysiabest. net/2006/03/06/snacks-mushroom-chips/ 4. http://ihor5. freeyellow. com/mushchip. html[pic][pic][pic] 5. http://banglapedia. s earch. com. bd/HT/M_0416. htm 6. http://www. mushroomlovers. com/Health. htm [pic] ———————– Md. saley uddin , Reasonal Sales manager, Chittagong Ms. Sabrina Azam, Reasonal Sales manager, Sylet. Mr. Rafique Khan, Reasonal sales manager, Rajshahi. Md. Jahidul Islam, Reasonal Sales manager, Khulna Ms. Sayla Zaman , Reasonal Sales manager, Barisal. Md. Azad, Reasonal Sales manager. Dhaka Ms. Bristi Rani Advertising Manager Md. ,Hasan Mahamud,Promotion Manager Ms. Nancy Christina Sales manager

Importance Of Physical Fitness In Life Essays - Physical Exercise

Importance Of Physical Fitness In Life Essays - Physical Exercise Importance Of Physical Fitness In Life If a sensible man is asked to answer the question as to what he does prefer, health or wealth, naturally he will answer without much hesitation 'Health' because wealth without a good health becomes useless. The westerners pay more attention to their health than the people of the orient. In bBritain they have the Central COuncil of Physical Recreation, the Scottish Council of Physical Recreation, the National Playing Fields Association. THe function of these various bodies is to keep the nation fit, not only physcially but mentally alert also. In modern education, physcial education and training forms part of the curriculum. In singapore schools, physical training is imparted to the young with the view to keep the young fit so that the future citizens of the country will be healthy. Only by enjoying good health can we think of enjoying wealth. Physical fitness is a must to both the young and old. THe best time to have exercise is early in the morning and late in the evening. If we cannot have a strenuous exercise, it is better to have at least a free hand exercise daily. In som countries like India and Britain, the yoga exercises are practised by some people. It is said that the best form of physical exercise is to stand on one's head. Experiments have proved that this exercise enables the man to get the required movements of the inner as well as outer organs and the result is man is also made mentally alert. People who do not take regular physical exercise are the ones who easily fall ill. The diseases such as diabetis and rheumatism can be prevented if we take regular physical exercises. A body without exercise can be compared to a machine that is kept inactive. Inactivity will lead to the machine getting rusty and in the long run becoming ueseless, so also is it the case with human body. The Japanses are an envy to the rest of the world. From a very young age the children of Japan are trained in Physcial fitness and the result is tremendous. Japan has one of the healthiest populations in the world and the mortality rate in Jpaan is low. Needless to say, physcial fitness is imperative evn among women and many of them do not seem to realise the importance of this. It is a folly to be so.

Idioms Phrasal Verbs in English Business Writing [common mistakes]

Idioms Phrasal Verbs in English Business Writing [common mistakes] As businesses become more international, so must our writing. Most of the time, good business writing skills transfer very well to global audiences, but there are some confusing verbs that global business writers should try to avoid. These are called phrasal verbs. First, let’s take a look at the different types of verbs. There are two main types of verbs: Action verbs, such as run, jump, talk, negotiate, etc. Stative verbs, such as be, have, like, love, etc. (We don’t really â€Å"do† these verbs. They are more descriptive verbs than doing verbs.) As I’m sure you can guess, there are far more action verbs that stative verbs, and there are a lot that are particular to business. You can find a great list of business related action verbs here from Pepperdine University: Now that we have reviewed some background information on verbs, what exactly is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is phrase made up of a verb and a preposition that means something other than what the two words mean independently. If we made this into a formula, it would look like this: verb + preposition = new meaning Phrasal verbs are common in English, but they are difficult for global audiences. They are often concidered idioms. You cannot deduce the meaning based on the two words alone, they can be difficult to find in a dictionary, and they are different from one English speaking country to another. (Ever notice that the British call to-go food â€Å"take away† while in the U.S. it’s called â€Å"take out?†) Let’s take a look at a couple of examples, and the synonymous one-word verbs you could use instead: The markets are blowing up right now. In this example, no one is literally blowing air up into the sky, so this could be hard to decode. Instead, say: The markets are exploding right now. The use of the synonymous one-word verb exploding makes the sentence accessible for all readers, not just those who speak a particular variety of English. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'bf4ee473-8e6b-46bf-b9e3-368d74d60b44', {}); Here’s another example: We need to look into that option. In this example, we are not literally looking into a box or the refrigerator, so this also could be hard to understand. Instead, we should say: We need to research that option. In both examples, there is a one-word verb that means the same thing as the phrasal verb. When writing for a global audience, it is always better to use the synonymous one word verb because it is easier to understand and far easier to look up if your reader doesn’t understand it. If you enjoyed this article, you may also enjoy our full list of business writing tips. For readers looking to improve their English business writing skills we offer a full business writingcourse for non-native speakers.

Influence and role of trade unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Influence and role of trade unions - Essay Example Many organizations long ago realized that it is more efficient to hire purposeful, responsible, and interested in their job people. Accordingly people, who get a job today, automatically receive all those privileges labour unions for had struggled for. As a matter of fact trade unions cannot find their place in the new system of labour relationship. In the course of time fundamental economic changes had happened in the country. The traditional heavy industry, a stronghold of trade unions, gradually becomes the thing of the past. According to Turner, "if unions can not hold their own and adapt to changing circumstances in the core industrial work force, the traditional bastion of labour strength, it is difficult to imagine that national prospects for unions elsewhere can be promising1". Labour unions also have not been taken in the extremely developing industry of high technologies, and have not been widely accepted in the services sphere. So we can agree with the statement of Robert Baldwin, who claims that one of the factors that contribute to weakling of trade unions is "unskilled labour-displacing nature of new technology, including outsourcing2". Notwithstanding it is wrong to say, that trade unions are doomed. One can hardly find an example of a democratic society, which does not have trade unions in its structure. British trade unions now are trying to take their own place in the new national economy.The role of state in labour market The role of the state in regulation of relations on a labour market increased in the post-war history of the Great Britain. Leading political forces send to the consent that the chronic unemployment in the country in 1930th years, intensity between the labour and the capital, and the general social instability should be eliminated by means of mixed economy and the Welfare state. As a result of such turn in consciousness of British establishment the labour governments and later conservative governments began to pursue a policy of Keynesianism and social-democratic etatism. There has come a new phase in relations between authority and working-class movement when the last one has been recognized, on a par with business, the necessary participant of formation of social and economic policy of the British state. Influence and role of trade unionsTrade unions have turned to one of the most active public organizations rendering great influence on actions of parties in power. Having got such legitimacy in regulation of relations on a labour market, the British working-class movement became an integral part of the post-war device of the state. The ruling class has recognized it as the necessary partner in business of maintenance of social stability. The organized labour has appeared both object, and the subject in mutual relations with the state. As an object it is the inseparable part of a society necessary for the sanction of conflicts arising in it. As a subject it is the defender of interests of working class, which quite often conflicted to aspirations of capitalism.In 1950-1960 years, when the country experienced the economic boom, trade unions have played a visible constructive role in processes of regulation of social development, socialization of citizens of the country, adjustment of manufacture-consumption cycle, and the society's